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01254_Field_15.cap.txt
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@
Benazir Bhutto
studied at Oxford
University,
encouraged by
her father. She
was elected
President of the
Oxford Union in
1975, and she
seemed to be
heading for a
successful, but
unremarkable
career in the
Pakistani
foreign service
#
At the end of the British Raj in India, the Indian National Congress and Jinnah's Muslim
League had agreed to partition the subcontinent. The Muslim provinces of Punjab
and Bengal became independent in 1947 as West and East Pakistan
#
In 1971 a border
war erupted
between India
and Pakistan, and
a refugee crisis
ensued after
Pakistan's army
put down an
uprising by
Bengalis in East
Pakistan. In the
wake of the war,
East Pakistan split
away to become
Bangladesh, and
Benazir's father
took over as the
president of the
new Pakistan
#
Prime Minister
Bhutto was
overthrown and
arrested by army
chief General Zia
ul-Huq in 1977.
Within a few
months Benazir
was also interned.
She spent the
next five years in
prison or under
house arrest
#
Within weeks of
being ousted as
Prime Minister,
Ali Bhutto had
been arrested
and charged with
the murder of a
political opponent.
He was executed
on the orders of
General Zia, and
Benazir took over
as leader of her
father's Pakistan
People's Party
@
In 1986 Bhutto
returned to
Pakistan after
two years exile
in Great Britain.
Greeted by cheer-
ing crowds, she
demanded free
and fair elections,
but she under-
estimated Zia's
determination to
hold onto power.
She was arrested
after a political
rally held in
defiance of a
government ban
#
President Zia's
four years as
ruler of Pakistan
did not deliver
democracy, but
some felt that it
was enough that
he had offered
stability. But he
had many
enemies, and
when he was
killed rumours of
assassination
abounded
#
Bhutto was often
the only woman
to be seen at
her rallies in
the election
campaign of 1988,
following Zia's
death. Bhutto's
charisma and
promises of
reform brought
her victory at the
polls and saw her
sworn in as the
first woman
leader of a
Muslim state
#
As prime
minister, Bhutto
was placed under
constant pressure
by Islamic
fundamentalists.
Although she
came to power
promising greater
equality for
women, the
objections of the
Islamic lobby
halted progress
#
Pakistan was
plunged into a
new crisis when
Bhutto was forced
to leave office
after she was
accused of
corruption and
incompetence
#
In its entire
history, Pakistan
has only had
three free
elections, and all
of them were
won by the
Pakistan Peoples'
Party, led first
by Zulfikar Ali
Bhutto, then by
his daughter
Benazir
#
Benazir Bhutto
was re-elected
prime minister in
1993, three years
after the army
had removed her
from office. No-one
thought that this,
her second stint
in government,
would last any
longer than the
first one
#
The threatened
hanging of a
Christian boy
accused of
blasphemy high-
lighted Bhutto's
eternal dilemma.
Personally she is
progressive and
liberal, but in
order to cling to
power she has to
balance the many
political forces
at work in her
conservative
country
@